谷氨酸钠的安全性研究进展

Research progress on the safety of sodium glutamate

关键词:  谷氨酸钠  代谢综合征  神经系统  生殖系统  肾损伤

Key words:  sodium glutamate  metabolic syndrome  nervous system  reproductive system  kidney damage

摘要:

谷氨酸钠是一种氨基酸的钠盐，大量摄入时，会导致血液谷氨酸浓度显著上升，可引起一系列有害影响。谷氨酸钠高暴露可干扰下丘脑的信号传导和瘦素功能，引起机体出现代谢综合征症状，母体高暴露可致新生儿出现代谢紊乱，新生儿期高暴露可致成年代谢综合征。谷氨酸钠还可诱导神经兴奋毒性，引起化学性脑损伤；以剂量依赖的方式损害男性生殖系统，通过损伤卵巢和子宫的功能来抑制雌性生殖功能；通过改变肾脏抗氧化系统损伤肾细胞和肾功能。本文对谷氨酸钠的安全性研究进展进行综述。

Abstract:

Sodium glutamate is an amino acid sodium salt. When a large amountof glutamic acid enters the body, its concentration in the blood rises, which can cause a series of adverse reactions.Sodium glutamate interferes with hypothalamic signaling and leptin function and can cause metabolic syndromes in human bodies such as obesity, hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, and hyperleptinemia.Neonates may develop metabolic disorders due to maternal exposure to high Sodium glutamate, and high-exposure in childhood can result inadult metabolic syndromes.Sodium glutamate can induceneuroexcitatory toxicity, causing neuronal damage or necrosis, leading to brain cell damage, retinal degeneration and neuroendocrine disorders, inhibiting learning and memory, and adversely affecting growth and development.Sodium glutamate can also damage the male reproductive system in a dose-dependent manner and inhibit female reproductive function by impairing the function of the ovary and uterus. Sodium glutamate may impair renal cell and kidney function by altering the antioxidant system. This paper reviews the research progress on the safety of sodium glutamate.