砷暴露对肝脏、肾脏氧化损害的研究进展

Research progress on oxidative damage of liver and kidney exposed to arsenic

关键词:  砷暴露  氧化应激  肝脏  肾脏

Key words:  arsenic exposure  oxidative stress  liver  kidney

摘要:

砷污染广泛存在于水、土壤和空气中，全球70个国家230多个地区遭受砷污染。砷主要通过污染饮用水的方式进入人体，全球5 000多万人口的饮用水砷浓度超过50 μg /L，1亿4 000万人口饮用水的砷浓度超过10 μg/L。砷暴露诱导活性氧的产生增加，同时降低抗氧化酶、抗氧化物的水平，导致DNA突变、脂质过氧化和蛋白质羰基化增加。因此，砷的毒性机理目前认为是砷诱导机体产生氧化应激。砷暴露可以引起机体多脏器的损害，包括肝脏和肾脏，其机制与线粒体氧化损伤、细胞色素c的释放、诱导靶细胞凋亡有关。某些转录因子起保护作用，如Nrf2，其基因敲除小鼠在砷暴露后表现出明显的肝坏死及炎性细胞浸润。砷中毒的防治主要有螯合剂疗法和抗氧化剂疗法。

Abstract:

Arsenic contamination is widespread in water, soil and air, influences 70 countries over 230 regions and has resulted in the global human health hazards. More than 50 million people drink water with arsenic concentrations exceeding 50 μg/L, and more than 140 million population exceeding 10 μg/L. Arsenic increases the production of reactive oxygen species, while reducing the levels of antioxidant enzymes and antioxidant, leading to DNA mutations, lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation. Arsenic exposure can results in multi-organ damages, including liver and kidney. The mechanism is associated with mitochondrial oxidative damage, cytochrome c release and apoptosis. Some transcription factors, such as Nrf2, play a protective role, and the knockout mice of it showed significant liver necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration. The major preventions and treatments of arsenic poisoning are chelating agents and antioxidants.