头颈部鳞状细胞癌细胞系染色体核型的检测和分析

Non-random chromosome karyotype in head and neck squamous carcinoma cell lines

关键词:  头颈部鳞状细胞癌  染色体  核型

Key words:  head and neck squamous carcinoma  chromosome  karyotype

摘要:

［目的］检测和分析头颈部鳞状细胞癌(HNSCC)染色体核型，探讨染色体变异与头颈部鳞状细胞癌基因组变异的关系，及其在肿瘤发生、发展过程中的作用。［方法］18例来源于头颈部不同位置的鳞状细胞癌细胞系进行细胞培养，收集分裂中期细胞，进行染色体“G”带染色，分析核型。并以4例来源于头颈部正常上皮组织细胞作为阴性对照。［结果］4例对照组上皮细胞均表现为人正常染色体核型。头颈部鳞状细胞癌细胞系核型主要表现为大量复杂的染色体结构重排和数目改变。（1）头颈部鳞状细胞癌染色体核型主要表现为染色体成分/数目的丢失；（2）染色体/臂成分的失衡主要表现为：2q，3p，4，8p，9p，13，14，15，17，18，21，22染色体成分的缺失；及3q，7，8q，11q13，20染色体成分的增加；（3）大部分的染色体断裂点位于着丝粒区域。［结论］头颈部鳞状细胞癌的染色体畸变是非任意性的，是有规律可循的。染色体数目、结构的不断变异可能造成癌基因活化、扩增，抑癌基因的抑制和缺失；这种多基因改变的不断积累促进了头颈部鳞状细胞癌的发生及发展。

Abstract:

［Objective］To detect and analyze chromosomal abnormalities in head and neck squamous carcinomas (HNSCC).［Methods］HNSCC cell lines (18 cases) and normal head and neck squamous cells (4 cases) were cultured and harvested when in metaphase.G-banding of chromosomes was with Wright's stain.Chromosomal changes were characterized with karyotypes according to the International System for Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature (ISCN 1995).［Results］The cellular chromosomes of normal control group showed normal human chromosome karyotype.The chromosomal karyotypes in 18 cases of HNSCC cell lines were complicated but not random. (1) Loss of chromosome material occurred more often. (2) Chromosomal imbalances detected in HNSCC cell lines included loss of 2q,3p,4,8p,9p,13,14,15,17,18,21,and 22; and gain of 3q,7,8q,11q13,and 20. (3) Most of chromosomal breakpoints were located at the centromeric regions.［Conclusion］Chromosomal aberration of HNSCC is not random,but regular.Multiple unbalanced chromosomal structural rearrangements and numerical changes in HNSCC may lead to activation and amplification of oncogenes,and inactivation and lost of tumor suppressor genes;which contribute to the development of HNSCC.