东北某城市大气颗粒污染物中有毒重金属浓度

Concentrations of toxic heavy metals in ambient particulate matter in an industrial area of northeastern China

关键词:  大气污染  颗粒物质  重金属

Key words:  air pollution  particulate matter (PM)  heavy metals

摘要:

［目的］摸清东北某城市大气污染颗粒污染物中所含多种有毒重金属的浓度，为防治大气污染提供依据。［方法］用大流量粉尘采样器采样大气颗粒污染物，用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪（ICP-MS）检测大气颗粒物中Cd、Mn、Pb、Ni、Cr和As 等6种重金属浓度。［结果］工业区Cd、Mn、Pb、Ni、Cr和As的浓度分别为9.3、461.9、588.7、69.5、205.7和57.4 ng/ m³, 交通干线旁为5.7、245.5、305.0、31.4、58.8和32.5 ng/ m³, 郊区为6.2、154.5、202.3、16.6、26.8和18.2 ng/ m³。 除Cd浓度外，工业区和交通干线旁的金属浓度显著高于郊区(P<0.05或P<0.01)。6种有毒重金属浓度随时间变化曲线呈现冬、春季浓度高，夏、秋季浓度低的变化规律。［结论］工业区和交通干线旁大气颗粒污染物中的重金属浓度较高。

Abstract:

［Objective］To investigate concentrations of various heavy metals in ambient particulate matter (PM) and provide the evidences for preventing from air pollution.［Methods］The concentrations of heavy metal components in the PM were determined by ICP-MS during two years from September 2000 to August 2002 in a northeast industrial city, China.［Results］Concentrations of Cd, Mn, Pb, Ni, Cr and As in PM were 9.3, 461.9, 588.7, 69.5, 205.7 and 57.4 ng/ m³ in the industrial area, and 5.7、245.5、305.0、31.4、58.8 and 32.5 ng/m³ in the main road, respectively. Concentrations of these heavy metals except Cd were significantly higher in the industrial area and main road than those in suburban area ( P < 0.05 or P < 0.01 ). The change curves of the 6 heavy metal concentrations showed increases in winter and spring or else decreases in summer and autumn.［Conclusions］The results indicate that Concentrations of the metals in PM are high in the industrial area and main road.