日本四日市小学生多种变态反应性疾病的流行病学调查

Epidemiological investigation on various allergic diseases of pupils in city of Yokkaichi, Japan

关键词:  四日市哮喘  变态反应性疾病  流行病学调查  小学生  健康调查表

Key words:  yakkaichi ashma  allergic diseases  epidemiological investigation  pupil  health questionnaire

摘要:

［目的］ 为阐明儿童变态反应性疾病漫延扩大的诱因提供流行病学调查依据。［方法］通过健康调查表，对日本四日市旧污染区楠小学校及非污染物下野小学校的学生进行有关变态反应性疾病患病情况的流行病学调查。［结果］ 下野小学调查对象中患过敏性鼻炎学生占23.4%，显著高于楠小学（占14.4%） (P<0.01)，而楠小学调查对象中患荨麻疹学生占6.8%，显著高于下野小学 （占3.6%）(P<0.05)。两校调查对象有既往史的父母及祖父母中，占前2位的疾病分别是花粉症和过敏性鼻炎。其中，下野小学调查对象的父亲和祖父母花粉症既往史率分别为26.2%和20.8%， 显著高于楠小学（分别为20.0%和11.8%）(P <0.05或P<0.01)。 两校调查对象的变态反应相关疾病患病率与其父母及祖父母既往史有密切的相关性(P<0.05或P<0.01)。［结论］ 遗传因素、环境因素及饮食习惯对该两所学校学生的变态反应相关疾病诱发起重要的作用。

Abstract:

［Objective］To provide epidemiological evidences for exploring the reasons of the increasing prevalence of allergic diseases of pupils in city of Yakkaichi, Japan. ［Methods］ Pupils of Nan primary school in old polluted area and Simono primary school in control area were selected as investigating subjects and health questionnaire survey were conducted. ［Results］ Prevalence of allergic rhinitis in the investigated subjects of Simono primary school was 23.4% and significantly higher that that Nan primary school (14.4%) (P<0.01). On the contrary, Prevalence of urticaria in the investigated subjects of Nan primary school was 6.8% and significantly higher that in Simono primary school (3.6%) (P<0.01 ). Pollinosis and allergic rhinitis were the first and second high among anamnesis of parents and grandparents with allergic diseases. Anamnesis prevalence of pollinosis in fathers and grandparents was 26.2% and 20.8%, respectively, and significantly higher in Simono primary school that in Nan primary school (20.0% and 11.8%). Prevalence of allergic diseases of the investigated subjects in the two primary schools were closely associated with anamnesis of parents or grandparents. ［Conclusion］ The factors of genetics, environment and dietary habit may play a role in inducing these allergic diseases.