城市大气颗粒物质中多环芳香烃类化合物浓度及其致突变活性

Concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in ambient particulate matter and their mutagenic activities in an industrial area of northeastern China

关键词:  大气污染  颗粒物质  多环芳香烃化合物  Ames 试验  致突变性

Key words:  air pollution  particulate matter (PM)  polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH)  Ames test  mutagenicity

摘要:

［目的］ 调查东北某工业城市大气颗粒物质和多环芳香烃类化合物的浓度以及它们的致突变活性。［方法］ 在北方某城市的工业区、居民区、郊区及主干线道旁设４个采样点，用大流量粉尘采样器采样，用带有荧光检测仪的高压液相色谱仪（HPLC）检测多环芳香烃类化合物（PAH）中benzo［a］anthoracene (BaA)和benzo［a］pyrene (BaP)浓度。通过Ames沙门氏菌致突变活性检测程序，检测样品的致突变活性。［结果］ 工业区和主干线道的大气颗粒物质浓度分别为454.00 μg/m³ 和364.33 μg/m³, 显著高于郊区273.67 μg/m³ 或居民区340.00 μg/m³( P <0.05 或 P <0.01)。从各季节来看，春、冬季颗粒物质浓度高于夏、秋季。大气颗粒物质中多环芳香烃类化合物BaA和BaP的浓度，在工业区相对较高。而且工业区大气多环芳香烃类化合物致沙门氏菌TA98和TA100回复突变率也高于其他各采样点。［结论］ 工业区大气中颗粒物质和多环芳香烃类化合物浓度较高，并有很高的致突变活性。

Abstract:

［Objective］ To investigate concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in Ambient particulate matter and their mutagenic activities in An Industrial Area of Northeastern China. ［Methods］ Air was sampled at four places in the industrial, residential and suburban areas, and the vicinity of main road, respectively. The concentrations of ambient particulate matter (PM) and benzo ［a］anthoracene (BaA), and benzo［a］pyrene (BaP) in the PM were determined, and mutagenicityof the samples were examined by the the Ames Salmonella mutagenic assay during two years from September 2000 to August 2002 in a northeast industrial city, China. ［Results］ Concentration of PM was 454.00 and 364.33 μg/m³ in the industrial area and main road, respectively, and significantly higher than 340.00 μg/m³ in the downtown or 273.67 μg/m³ in suburban area ( P < 0.05 or P < 0.01 ). Concentration of PM increased mainly inspring, winter and autumn. Concentrations of BaA and BaP, and mutagenic activity for TA98 and TA100 were relatively higher in the industrial area. ［Conclusion］ The results indicatedthat therewere the elevated concentrations of PM and PAH, and the stronger mutagenic activity of the PAH in industrial area.