足细胞病的发病机制研究进展

Progress in the pathogenesis of primary podocytopathies

关键词:  足细胞  足细胞病  肾病综合征

Key words:  podocyte  podocytopathies  nephrotic syndrome

摘要:

足细胞是位于肾小球基底膜外部（GBM）的终末分化细胞，其形成的裂孔膜是肾小球滤过的最后屏障。足细胞损伤后，其结构完整性受损，足突消失，滤过膜孔径增大或断裂，大分子蛋白质滤出，超出近端肾小管重吸收能力而形成蛋白尿。研究表明，原发性足细胞病是以足细胞结构和功能异常为主要特点的肾小球疾病。本文主要对原发性足细胞病的几种类型，包括膜性肾病（MN）、微小病变型肾病（MCN）和局灶节段性肾小球硬化（FSGS）与足细胞的关系及其发病机制作一概述。

Abstract:

Podocytes are terminally differentiated cells located outside the glomerular basement membrane (GBM),and the slit membrane formed by podocytes is the final barrier for glomerular filtration.After podocyte injury,the structural integrity of the podocyte is impaired,the podocyte process disappears,the pore diameter of the filtration membrane increases or breaks,macromolecular proteins are filtered out,and proteinuria is formed beyond the reabsorption capacity of the proximal renal tubule.Primary podocytopathies is a glomerular disease characterized by abnormal podocyte structure and function.This article is an overview that focuses on pathogenesis of several types of podocytopathies, including membranous nephropathy (MN), minimally change nephropathy (MCN) and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis sclerosis (FSGS) and relationship between them and podocytes.