大连地区母胎铀暴露水平及其对胎儿发育的影响

Prenatal exposure to uranium and its effect on fetal development in Dalian, China

关键词:  铀  出生前暴露  胎儿发育

Key words:  Uranium  prenatal exposure  fetal development

摘要:

目的　测定大连普通孕妇人群母胎铀暴露水平以及该环境暴露水平对胎儿发育的影响。　方法　随机选取大连市内4区86对母儿，电感耦合等离子质谱法(ICP-MS)测定母血及脐血全血铀浓度。胎儿出生时测定出生体重、身长、头围和胸围。对胎儿发育指标与脐血铀浓度（对数值）间进行相关性分析及线性回归分析。　结果　大连地区母胎全血铀浓度中值分别为0.042 μg/L和0.057 μg/L，两者比较差异无显著性意义。母脐血铀浓度间呈显著正相关关系。胎儿出生体重、身长、头围和胸围与脐血铀浓度（对数值）间呈显著负相关关系。胎儿各发育指标与脐血铀浓度（对数值）间构建的4个直线线性回归方程均具有显著性意义。　结论　大连地区母胎人群已经暴露于放射性元素铀，铀对胎儿的生长发育可能具有负面影响。

Abstract:

Objective To determine exposure levels of the mothers and fetuses to uranium (U) in the general population and the potential effects of U at this exposure level on fetal development. 　Methods A total of 86 mother-infant pairs were recruited from Dalian. U concentrations in maternal and cord blood were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The fetal developmental conditions were estimated by measuring weight, length, head circumference and chest circumference at birth. The effects of U exposure in uterus on fetal development were analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis and linear regression analysis. 　Results　The median of U concentration in maternal and cord blood were 0.042 μg/L and 0.057 μg/L, respectively and there was no statistical difference between them. A significant positive correlation was shown between maternal and cord blood U. A significant negative correlation was shown between cord U concentration and each of fetal development indicator, weight, length, head circumference and chest circumference at birth. Four linear regression equations of fetal developmental indicators and log-transformed values of fetal cord U were proved to be statistically significant.　Conclusion The mothers and their fetus in Dalian had been exposed to U. U is readily transferred to the fetus and may pose adverse effect on fetal development.