酸敏感离子通道在颅脑损伤中对H+ -Ca2+双离子偶联的调控作用

Regulation function of ASICs to the H+ -Ca2+ double ion coupling in the brain injury

关键词:  创伤性颅脑损伤  酸敏感离子通道  钙超载

Key words:  traumatic brain injury  ASICs  calcium overload

摘要:

创伤性颅脑损伤（traumatic brain injury，TBI）是神经外科中的常见病，致残率和病死率较高，除与原发损伤过重有关之外，还与伤后启动内源性因子释放加剧脑继发性损害有关。从分子水平研究脑外伤后继发损害的机制，早期给予相应保护措施，对降低脑损伤的致残率和病死率具有重要的临床意义。酸中毒是脑缺血的共有特征。脑缺血损害后首先是氧代谢障碍，酸碱失衡，H^＋和pH值的变化是首当其冲的，继而引起一系列反应。钙离子毒性是缺血脑损害的关键，胞内Ca²⁺超载对于神经损害有重要作用，一些有害因素可引起钙平衡系统功能失调，钙分布紊乱，导致细胞内钙浓度异常性升高，即钙超载，钙超载可引起线粒体内氧化磷酸化过程障碍，线粒体膜电位降低，组织ATP含量下降，以及胞浆内磷脂酶、蛋白酶等激活，可导致并促进细胞的不可逆性损伤。本文就酸敏感离子通道在重度颅脑损伤中对H^＋ -Ca²⁺双离子偶联的调控作用机制予以综述。

Abstract:

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common disease of neurosurgery,which may be followed by high disability and mortality.Except for the serious primary injury,it is relevant to the release of endogenous factor which aggravates the secondary damage of the brain.Researching the mechanism of the secondary brain injury on the molecular level,and taking necessary protection in the early stage have a critical clinical significance to reduce the disability and mortality of brain injury.The acidosis is the common trait of cerebral ischemia,which follows oxygenation disorders,acid-base disorder and the change of H^＋ and pH,then resulting in a series of consequences.Calcium ion toxicity is the key to the ischemic brain damage.Calcium overload in cells plays an important role in the nervous damage.Some harmful factors can cause the calcium balance system dysfunction to disturb calcium distribution,which induces the abnormal increase of the calcium concentration,namely calcium overload.This may cause oxidative phosphorylation process obstacles in the mitochondria.Then the mitochondrial membrane potential may be lower and ATP in the tissue may be decreased. Subsequently, phospholipase and proteinase may be activated to result in the irreversible damage of cells.This article reviews the regulation mechanism of ASICs to the H^＋ -Ca^{2+ double ion coupling in the severe brain injury.}