气管支气管憩室的临床及影像学诊断

Clinical and imaging diagnosis of tracheobronchial diverticula

关键词:  气管  支气管  憩室  CT

Key words:  trachea  bronchi  diverticula  computer tomography

摘要:

［目的］探讨气管支气管憩室的临床和影像学表现。［方法］报告2例气管支气管憩室病例，结合国内已经报告的32例病例资料，分析其临床及影像学表现。［结果］34例气管支气管憩室病例中，在性别和年龄上无特别趋向。年龄<16岁5例（14.7%），>16岁29例（85.3%）。16例（47.0%）有咳嗽、咯痰等呼吸道感染表现，9例（26.5%）咯血，9例（26.5%）无明显呼吸道症状、体征。确诊方法：支气管镜确诊20例，CT确诊10例，支气管造影确诊3例，手术确诊1例。累及部位：气管16例（47.0%），支气管16例（47.0%），2例气管、支气管并发憩室（5.9%）。憩室数目：单发18例（52.9%），多发16例（47.0%）。憩室最大直径约0.2~3.8 cm。［结论］气管支气管憩室发病率低，应提高对本病的认识，经多层螺旋CT及支气管镜多可明确诊断。

Abstract:

［Objective］To describe clinical and radiological manifestations of tracheobronchial diverticula.［Methods］Two patients with tracheobronchial diverticula were reported, and clinical and radiological features of tracheobronchial diverticula were analysed in these two cases and other 32 cases reported before. ［Results］There was no tendency in age and sex for the incidence of the disease. Sixteen cases (47.0％) had cough,sputum and dyspnea, and 9 patients (26.5％) had hemoptysis. The diverticila were diagnosed by bronchoscopy (20 cases), chest computer tomography (10 cases) and other method (4 cases). The single diverticulum was detected in 18 cases (52.9%), and the multiple in 16 cases(47.0%). Diverticula were located on the trachea in 16 cases(47.0%), on bronchus in 16 cases(47.0%) and on both trachea and bronchus in 2 cases. The diameter of the diverticulum was between 0.2 cm to 3.8 cm. ［Conclusion］CT and bronchoscopy are the optimum diagnostic technique for tracheobronchial diverticula.