孕妇血镉含量及其影响因素的调查分析

Blood cadmium levels of pregnant women and influencing factors

关键词:  孕妇  血镉  环境影响因素  流行病学  多元线性回归分析

Key words:  pregnant women  blood cadmium  environmental factors  epidemiology  multiple linear regression analy

摘要:

［目的］了解与孕妇血镉含量变化密切相关的环境因素，以做到在孕前和(或)孕期防护及指导的有的放矢。［方法］收集125名住院分娩孕妇的母胎静脉血，微波消解法制备供试品，电感耦合等离子体-质谱 （ICP-MS ）法进行全血镉含量测定，同时就孕妇家庭和社会环境等相关因素对血镉含量的影响进行单因素分析和多元逐步回归分析。［结果］所检孕妇血镉平均含量为（1.93±2.24）μg/L，其脐血镉平均含量为（0.82±1.17）μg/L，二者镉含量呈显著正相关（P<0.01）；孕妇血镉含量随孕妇文化程度高低、职业差别、有害因素接触与否、饮水来源不同、孕期情绪好坏、被动吸烟有无、居室附近大烟囱有无和居室与交通干线距离等因素而变化；多元线性回归分析结果显示，3个因素进入回归方程，按其作用大小依次为居室与交通干线距离、饮水来源和职业有害因素。［结论］防止环境和水源镉污染是预防孕妇镉暴露的关键，社会经济地位低的孕妇是预防镉暴露的重点人群。

Abstract:

［Objective］To determine the blood cadmium levels of pregnant women and to analyze its influencing factors so as to provide evidences for protection and instruction before and /or during of pregnancy. ［Methods］We collected 125 pairs of samples of maternal and cord venous blood and analyzed cadmium levels using ICP-MS detection instrument. The relevant factors including family condition and social environment were studied by single factor variance analysis and multiple linear regression analysis.［Results］The mean cadmium concentrations in maternal and cord blood were (1.93±2.24)μg/L and (0.82±1.17)μg/L respectively. The cadmium concentrations in cord blood were significantly lower than those in maternal blood (P<0.01). There was significantly positive correlation of cadmium concentration between maternal and cord (P<0.01). Several environmental and social factors, such as educational degree, occupation, exposure to occupational harmful factors, source of drinking water, mood during pregnancy, passive smoking, chimney near the residence and distance between residence and main traffic arteries, were found to be related to blood cadmium concentrations of pregnant women. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that distance between residence and main traffic arteries, source of drinking water and exposure to occupational harmful factors entered the maternal cadmium regression equation. ［Conclusion］In order to decrease maternal exposure to cadmium, it is crucial to prevent environmental and water source pollution. The pregnant women with the poor socio-economic status are the high-risk population.