高频超声检测糖尿病患者颈动脉粥样硬化的诊断价值

Diagnostic value of high -frequency ultrasound in detecting carotid atherosclerosis in patients of type 2 diabetes

关键词:  糖尿病  颈动脉粥样硬化  高频超声

Key words:  type 2 diabetes  carotid atherosclerosis  high-frequency ultrasound

摘要:

［目的］评价高频超声对2型糖尿病（T₂DM）患者颈动脉粥样硬化的诊断价值。［方法］将100例T₂DM患者按病程分为三组：病程＜5年（A组）36例；5~10年（B组）31例；＞10年（C组）33例；正常对照组（D组）30例。利用高频超声探测T₂DM患者的颈动脉内－中膜厚度（IMT）及粥样硬化斑块形成情况。［结果］C组的IMT、斑块发生率及斑块积分所占比率明显高于其他组（C组的IMT、斑块发生率及斑块积分分别为（0.99±0.22）mm、75.76％、（2.16±0.82）mm；A、B、D组的为（0.79±0.15）mm、（0.80±0.17）mm、（0.64±0.14）mm；36.11％、51.61％、20.0％；（1.65±0.73）mm、（1.89±0.69）、（1.23±0.62）；P＜0.05）；A组、B组也明显高于D组（A、B组的为（0.79±0.15）mm、（0.80±0.17）mm；36.11％、51.61％；（1.65±0.73）mm、（1.89±0.69）；D组的为（0.64±0.14）mm 、20.0％、1.23±0.62，P＜0.05）；C组中血管受累条数及有多枚斑块的血管条数均高于其他组（C组中血管受累条数及有多枚斑块的血管条数分别为40、22；A、B、D组的分别为17、3；26、7；9、1；P＜0.05）；各组中软斑检出率高于硬斑及混合斑（A、B、C、D组中软斑检出率分别为：66.67％、58.82％、55.56％、70.0％；A、B、C、D组中硬斑及混合斑检出率分别为：9.52％、23.80％；11.76％、29.41％；10.0％、20.0％；P＜0.05）；各组间斑块类型所占比例差异无显著性意义，P＞0.05。［结论］T2DM患者的IMT及粥样硬化斑块形成情况，与病程密切相关。高频超声是检测T2DM患者颈动脉粥样硬化的简便而有效的方法，具有重要的诊断价值。

Abstract:

［Objective］To evaluate the diagnostic value of high -frequency ultrasound in detecting carotid atherosclerosis in patients of type 2 diabetes.［Methods］One hundred patients of T₂DM and thirty healthy subjects were examined by high-frequency ultrasound. The intimal-medial thickness (IMT) and the atheroslerotic plaques of carotid artery were observed.［Results］There was a significant difference between C group and the other groups in IMT of carotid arteries, the plaque scores and the detection rate of plaques（P＜0.05）. So was it between A and B groups with D group. There was a significant difference between C group and the other groups in the number of abnormal vessels and vessels with multiple-plaques detection（P＜0.05）.The detection rate of soft plaque was higher than hard plague and mixed plaques（P＜0.05）. There was no difference of rate of different plaques among the four groups（P＞0.05）.［Conclusions］IMT and the carotid atheroslerotic plaques in the patients of type 2 diabetes are significantly increased with the course of diseases closely. The high-frequency ultrasound is a convenient, effective and valuable method to detect the carotid atherosclerosis of patients of type 2 diabetes.