解偶联蛋白2的研究进展

Study progress on uncoupling protein 2

关键词:  解偶联蛋白2  基因表达调控  反应活性氧  肥胖抵抗  2型糖尿病

Key words:  uncoupling protein 2  regulation and control of gene expression  reactive oxygen species  obesity resistance  type 2 diabetes mellitus

摘要:

解偶联蛋白（uncoupling protein，UCP）属于线粒体载体蛋白的亚类，包括UCP₁～UCP₅。UCPs定位在线粒体的内膜上。它们通过驱散质子梯度使呼吸链的氧化作用与ADP的磷酸化作用解偶联，减少ATP的合成。它们在氨基酸组成上有一定程度的同源性。UCPs借助于其信号序列，通过Tim10/Tim12/Tim22通道向线粒体内膜定向转运。UCPs的共同特征是每个单体具有6个跨膜域，二聚体发挥转运功能。但其表达的主要组织不同，主要的作用也不尽相同。特别是近年来的研究发现，UCP₂参与能量代谢、子宫内膜退化、活性氧的产生、衰老等过程。并且与非乙醇性脂肪肝、动脉粥样硬化、局部缺血以及缺血再灌注损伤、抗肥胖及2型糖尿病等有着密切的关联性，故引起人们的广泛重视。

Abstract:

Uncoupling proteins (UCPs) on which are located mitochondrial endo-membrane have been classed into a subgroup of carrier protein. UCP contains UCP₁, UCP₂, UCP₃, UCP₄ and UCP₅. UCPs can uncouple the oxidation and phosphorylation of respiratory chain by dispelling H⁺ gradient and reduce ATP synthesis. Their amino acid sequences show some homology. UCPs are directionally transported on mitochondrial endo-membrane via Tim10/Tim12/Tim22 channel by their signal sequences. A common characteristic of UCPs which function by the form of their dimer is that their monomer holds six transmembrane domains. They are expressed in different tissues and their functions are not sameness. Recently, UCPs not only participate in energy metabolism, degradation of uterine endo-membrane, generation of reactive oxygen species and senescense, but also they could associate with non-alcohol fatty liver, atherogenesis, damage of ichemias reperfusion, anti-obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. These days, UCPs are paid attention to people.